LEGAL ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A KEY STRATEGY FOR MITIGATING CLIMATE AND PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Nigeria with its abundant renewable energy potential, continues to rely heavenly on fossil fuels, which has slowed renewable energy deployment, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and developmental challenges, particularly climate change. These emissions are largely driven by energy production, industrial activities, and deforestation which has contributed to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecological degradation. Although, Nigerian has numerous policies on renewable energy, progress towards clean energy remains slow due to weak, fragmented and poorly coordinated legal and institutional framework. This study provides a legal analysis of renewable energy as a strategic mechanism for climate change mitigation and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study critically analysis some existing national laws and policies, on renewable energy and relevant provisions of environmental and electricity sector regulations, to assess their effectiveness in mitigating climate change and promoting sustainable development. Using a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study identifies gaps such as low utilization of renewable energy resources due to the absence of a comprehensive renewable legal framework, weak enforcement of renewable energy policies, regulatory overlaps, inadequate integration of renewable energy into national development planning. It argues that strengthening legal and institutional frameworks is essential for accelerating renewable energy development, and recommends clearer regulatory coordination, enhanced fiscal and financial incentives, and stronger enforcement of environmental standards. The study concludes that a robust legal regime for renewable energy is crucial for climate change mitigation and for achieving long-term sustainable development and energy security.