Abstract
As global awareness of climate change grows, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuels for economic stability face challenges aligning national policies with international climate commitments. Petroleum energy plays a key role in many developing economies, influencing revenue, job creation, and energy security. This reliance complicates efforts to transition to cleaner energy. This article critically analyzes the legal frameworks under UN climate agreements, assessing their effectiveness in supporting a fair shift to renewable energy. Using doctrinal research, key challenges were identified, including economic dependency on fossil fuels, limited capacity for climate policy implementation, and inadequate financial support for renewable energy investments. The article recommends establishing comprehensive legal and regulatory frameworks that prioritize social equity, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable development. Governments are urged to develop clear national climate policies, enhance participation mechanisms for affected communities, invest in workforce retraining, strengthen legal frameworks, and leverage international financial support for sustainable projects. A just transition in petroleum-dependent nations requires focused efforts on both national and international levels.
Keywords: Climate Change, Energy, Renewable Energy, Just Transition, Energy Security